Liquid-fuel burner



Patented Oct. 13, 1925.

LEE Gr. DANIEELS, F

ROGKEOBD, ILLINOIS.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application tiled April 7,

Tol all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, Lnn Gr. DANInLs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rockford, in the county 'of Winnebago and State of Illinois, have' invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following isaspeci- '[ication.

This invention relates to liquid fuel burners of general application for heating purposes,land has more particular reference to burners of this type especially adapted for use in furnaces and heaters both for domestic and industrial purposes. My invention, is furthermore, an improvement on the liquid fuel burner disclosed -in my Patent No. 1,484,814.

Une of the primary purposes of the present invention is to generally improve and simplify the construction of .liquid fuel burners of the type described, and likewise to improvethe functioning thereof.

Another purpose fis to provide a liquid fuel burner ofthe character described emhodying improved means for insuring-better and more thorough combustion and for varying certain dimensions ofthecombustion chamber to more advantageously suit different conditions and requirements.

I have further aimed to provide a construction part of which may be quickly and easily disassembled, or removed, forthe purpose of cleaning the burner if necessary.

Still another purpose isto simplifythe construction with a view to reducing `the cost of production of burners of this class.

Other objects and attendant advantages will be appreciated by thoseskilled in this art as the invention becomes better understoodby reference to the following description when considered in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a plan view of a liquid fuel burner embodyingmy invention; and

Figs. 2 and 3 are verticalsectional views taken on the lines 2-2 and 3 3, respec tively, of Fig. 1, the right hand half of Fig.

B being shown in elevation.

v In the present instance I have shown for purpose of illustration merely, a design of a. liquid fuel burner embodying my invenn tion particularly adapted to be used in aA heater or furnace, that is, to be set into the lire box or combustion chamber thereof so that liquid fuel, such las loviT gravity, hydro 11324. Serial No. 704,550.

carbon oil, may beused as a. substitute for coal or similar fuel.

In such case the `burner proper iscarried by an annular cast metal casing or shell 5, the space between this casing andthe wall of the heater or furnace combustion chamber being filled in with brick, clay or any refractory material. In this embodiment the ca sing 5 is part of a burner bowl which is dished downwardly at its center, provid# ing downwardly converging sides 6. A conical burner 'designated generally by 7, located at the bottom of the bowl, centrally thereof, is in the preferred embodiment,

cast integrally with the bowl portion 6.11.

The conical burner may be of any suitable er preferred construction within the confines f the present invention and, as shown, comprises a series of annular shallow wells 8 concentrically arranged about an oil feed* conical burner structure may be ignited :in

any suitable manner, but preferably by a gas burning pilot lighter the flame of. which will be directed onto the burner claimed inmy patent above mentioned. riccerdingto the present invention this gaslighter comprises a feed pipe l2 entendingnpwardly through the bowl-6 as will be hereinafter more fully described, connectedto a horizontalV pipe section 13 by means of an elbow le, and a reducing elbow 15 screwed onto .the end of the pipe section 13 in such position that it forms a nozzle the delivery end of which is concentrically disposed over the oil feed opening 9, as shown, and which is spaced above the liquid fuel combustion chamber described later.

Air will be supplied to the burner for supporting combustion, by suitable means, in this particular example through an air supplying casing or hood designated generallyby 11G. This casing, positioned above the burner bowl, isat present inthe form of a cast iron conduit having downwardly turned ends providing air inlet openings 17. The casing rests at its ends on the burner bowl with the opening 17 in registration with air supply passages 18 formed in the burner bowl. The casing 16 has an air outlet 19 concentrically above the fuel burner. The air supply is furnished by natural draft or otherwise, the air being drawn upwardly through the passages 18, into the inlet openings 17 and downwardly through the outlet opening 19 onto the burner. The fuel flowing down over the sides on the conical burner will be vaporized and ignited by the flame from the gas lighter, or after the burner has been in operation, the heat generated will Vaporize the fuel which will burn in the combustion chamber by reason of the admixture of air through the opening 19. This air is preheated in its passage through the casing 16, thus aiding vaporization and supporting combustion of the liquid fuel. In the present instance the air supply casing 16 extends diametrically across the burner bowl so that a combustion chamber is established between the casing and burner bowl having outlets 21 at both sides of said casing through which the flames issue. At 1 each side of the casing 16 I have provided means forming additional top wall area forl .said combustion chamber, which means restricts the size of the outlet openings 21 and causes the flames issuing from said chamber to be deflected against the sloping sides of the bowl 6. In other words, the walls 22 provide a combustion chamber of greater width than the actual width of the air conduit in the casing 16, thereby retaining greater heat in said combustion chamber and aiding in vaporization of the fuel. This also promotes better combustion beca-use the air must travel a longer distance through the combustion chamber and therefore be mixed to a greater extent with the vaporized fuel. Another advantage is that the flames issuing from the combustion chamber are directed downwardly against the sloping sides of the bowl 6, thus keeping these sides clean and free from any carbon deposits. I prefer to make the walls 22 adjustable and removable. Horizontal adjustment is desired toward and from the air supply casing for the purpose of varying the size of the openings 21 so as to secure a uniform issue of flame from each side of the burner in the event that outside infiuences such as greater draft at one side of the burner than at the other would otherwise cause greater suction at one side and consequently a larger ame issue. Said walls are removable for the purpose of providing better access to the burner 7 for cleaning, it being noted that with the walls 22 removed said burner is easily accessible by means of a suitable cleaning tool. For further accessibility the entire casing 16 may be shifted from its position or entirely removed, although it is not always necessary to remove the casing.

In the present embodiment of my invenion said walls 22 are provided by metallic bars 23, one of which is positioned at each side of the casing 16 restingv at its ends on the top of the burner bowl. These bars are comparatively large in cross section so that they will retain a considerable amount of heat and thereby further aid in promoting better vaporization and combustion of the liquid fuel.

It will be observed that although there is a considerable amount of heat in the burner and that the flames envelope the sides of ythe casing 16, the gas supply pipe 12 and its delivery or nozzle end are so arranged as not to be exposed to the intense heat or the flame but are instead, located in the air inlet passage so as to be kept at a comparatively low temperature by the incoming air. This precludes burning out of the pilot nozzle or its supply pipe line at any point.

It is believed that the foregoing conveys a clear understanding of the principles and mode of operation of my invention and, while I have illustrated but a single Working embodiment, it should be understoodthat when putting the invention into practice under different conditions and circumstances, many changes might be made in details of construction and in the arrangement of parts such for example as the means for delivering air'to the burner, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressedI in the appended claims, in which- I claim:

In combination, a liquid fuel burner of the character described comprising a burner bowlhaving downwardly converging sides and a burner cone interposed centrally therebetween, an air supply casing disposed above and extendingdiametricallyacross the burner for delivering air down onto the latter, the casing having comparatively fiat parallel lower sides, the burner bowl and casing defining a combustion chamber from which the flames issue through the open top outlet of the burner bowl at each side of the casing, and means supplemental to the casing for restricting and varying the area of said vopen top at each side of the combustion chamber comprising a bar adapted to rest at its ends on the top of the burner bowl and to extend across the same at the side of the casing, each bar having a flat underside providing a defiecting wall contiguous to the casing and coplanar with the adjacent open top outlet. l

LEE G. DANIELS. 

